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The Graz tramway network is a network of tramways forming an important part of the public transport system in Graz, which is both the capital city of the federal state of Styria, Austria, and the second largest city in Austria. In operation since 1878, the network presently has six daytime lines, and five evening and Sunday lines. , the Graz tram network ran on an almost of route, and served 53.56 million passengers. It is operated by the ''Graz Linien'' division of ''Holding Graz'', the city owned utility company who also operate the city's bus network and the ''Schlossbergbahn'' funicular railway. The trams form part of the styrian integrated fare system which covers all modes of public transport in Graz and Styria. The Tramway Museum Graz, at the terminus of line 1 in Mariatrost, holds many exhibits relating to the system. ==History== The first trams to run in Graz were horse trams in private ownership, with service commencing in 1878. The lines were electrified from 1899. In 1939, the tram network was acquired by the city.〔 In 1941, the narrow gauge electric railway that had linked Graz with the suburb of Mariatrost since 1898, was converted to standard gauge and became part of the tram network. The resulting long outer section of tram route 1 still retains many light railway features, with its off-street routing and long stretches of single track.〔 The Graz tram network reached a peak in 1950. Growing car ownership, and the growth of residential areas in outer reaches of the city not served by the trams, lead to a fall in tram usage and eventually, after 1950, the closure of several tram routes. The city introduced trolleybuses in 1941 to serve the outer areas of the city, but these were replaced by motor buses by 1967.〔 In the 1990s, with the city's narrow central streets proving ill-suited to large quantities of private car traffic, the city adopted a policy of improving and expanding public transport, with modernisation and extension of the tramway. The area around ''Jakominiplatz'' was developed as the main tram and city bus interchange from 1995, whilst extensions to ''Puntigam'', ''Liebenau Murpark'' and ''St Paul'' followed in 2006 and 2007.〔 In 2001, Graz was the launch customer for the Bombardier Transportation's Cityrunner design, with the acquisition of 18 long five-section trams. These were the city's first 100% low-floor trams, although the concept was introduced in 1999 by the fitting of new low-floor centre sections to 12 existing trams.〔 In 2007, Graz ordered 45 Stadler Variobahn trams for delivery between 2009 and 2015. These vehicles proved controversial, with complaints over noise and vibration levels. Initially confined to the north-south axis lines 4 and 5, the trams started operating on the east-west axis in 2013, after modifications and imposition of a speed limit.〔 In 2012, new tram tunnels were build to serve the city's main railway station (Graz Hauptbahnhof), which was previously the terminus of two tram lines and some distance from the main westbound tram route. Trams on the main line now stop in a new subsurface tram station in the station forecourt area. This allows the station to be served by four of the city's six lines.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Trams in Graz」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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